As fusion programmes advance towards demonstration and first-of-a-kind (FOAK) power plants, supply chains for high-field magnet systems including HTS tape, cryogenic systems, and the fusion fuel cycle are becoming increasingly strategic. Availability, cost, manufacturing scale and security of supply across these critical systems could determine not only how quickly fusion is deployed, but also which technologies and companies are ultimately able to scale.

• Where are the most significant supply-chain bottlenecks emerging across high-field magnet systems including HTS tape, cryogenics, and fuel-cycle technologies, such as tritium production, handling, breeding and recovery?
• Can manufacturing capacity expand quickly enough to meet demand from multiple fusion programmes progressing towards demonstration and commercial-scale machines?
• Which fusion supply-chain technologies offer the strongest commercial opportunities beyond fusion, and could adjacent markets help accelerate capacity, learning rates and cost reduction?
• Where are the greatest opportunities to reduce costs through manufacturing scale, standardisation, design for manufacture, and improved production processes?
• What investment, industrial partnerships and government interventions are needed now to establish a resilient and secure supply chain for commercial fusion?